What characterizes an arbovirus?

An arbovirus, short for arthropod-borne virus, is defined primarily by its mode of transmission. These viruses utilize arthropods, specifically mosquitoes and ticks, as vectors to spread from one host to another. This characteristic is crucial in understanding the ecology of these viruses and how outbreaks can occur, particularly in areas where these arthropods are prevalent.

The role of arthropods in the transmission cycle is essential because it signifies that these viruses are adapted to the life cycles and habitats of their insect vectors, allowing them to infect both the insects and other animals including humans. This highlights the importance of mosquito control in managing the risk associated with arboviral infections such as West Nile virus, Zika virus, and chikungunya.

Other options do not accurately describe the nature of arboviruses. Direct contact transmission (the first option) pertains to other types of viral infections but not to arboviruses specifically. Similarly, while some viruses can be waterborne, arboviruses rely on arthropod vectors, so the option regarding water transmission is not applicable. Lastly, while some viruses can infect plants, arboviruses do not typically fall into this category; they primarily infect animal hosts. Understanding this helps better focus on preventive measures against these