Pyrethroids are known to be highly toxic to which of the following?

Pyrethroids are synthetic chemicals modeled after naturally occurring pyrethrins, which are derived from chrysanthemum flowers. While they are widely used for their effectiveness in controlling a variety of pests, they are particularly known for their high toxicity to aquatic life, which includes fish. Pyrethroids can cause significant disruptions in fish populations due to their neurotoxic effects. They disrupt normal nerve function, leading to paralysis and death in sensitive species. The high toxicity to fish is a primary concern in aquatic environments, especially given the potential for runoff into water bodies from treated areas.

In contrast, birds, reptiles, and mammals generally have a different level of sensitivity to pyrethroids. Although they can certainly be affected by these insecticides, their physiological responses differ, and they are typically less vulnerable than fish. As such, the emphasis on fish highlights the environmental impact and safety considerations that must be taken into account when using pyrethroids in mosquito control programs. This reinforces the importance of implementing best practices in pesticide application to minimize harm to non-target species, particularly those in aquatic systems.